Medical Specialty:
Nephrology
Sample Name: Nephrectomy - Radical (Laparoscopic)
Description: Laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy due to right renal mass.
(Medical Transcription Sample Report)
PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: Right renal mass.
POSTOP DIAGNOSIS: Right renal mass.
PROCEDURE PERFORMED: Laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy.
ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: 100 mL.
X-RAYS: None.
COMPLICATIONS: None.
ANESTHESIA: General endotracheal.
DRAINS: 16-French Foley catheter per urethra.
BRIEF HISTORY: The patient is a 71-year-old woman recently diagnosed with 6.5 cm right upper pole renal mass. This is an enhancing lesion suspicious for renal cell carcinoma versus oncocytoma. I discussed a variety of options with her, and she opted to proceed with a laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy. All questions were answered, and she wished to proceed with surgery as planned.
We began nephrectomy procedure by reflecting the right colon, by incising the white line of Toldt. This exposed the retroperitoneum on the right side. The duodenum was identified and reflected medially in a Kocher maneuver using sharp dissection only. We then identified the ureter and gonadal vein in the retroperitoneum. The gonadal vein was left down along the vena cava, and the plane underneath the ureter was elevated and this plane was carried up towards the renal hilum. Sequential packets of tissue were taken using primarily the LigaSure Atlas device. Once we got to the renal hilum, it became apparent that this patient had two sets of renal arteries and veins. We proceeded then and skeletonized the structures into four individual packets. We then proceeded to perform the upper pole dissection and developing the plane above the kidney and between the kidney and adrenal gland. The adrenal was spared during this procedure. There was no contiguous connection between the renal mass and a right adrenal gland. This plane of dissection was taken down primarily using the LigaSure device. We then sequentially took the four vessels going to the kidney initially taking two renal arteries with the endo GI stapler and then to renal veins again with endo GI stapler sequential flaring. Once this was completed, the kidney was free except for its attachment to the ureter and lateral attachments. The lateral attachments of the kidney were taken down using the LigaSure Atlas device, and then the ureter was doubly clipped and transected. The kidney was then freed within the retroperitoneum. A 50-mm EndoCatch bag was introduced through the lower most trocar site, and the kidney was placed into this bag for subsequent extraction. We extended the lower most trocar site approximately 6 cm to facilitate extraction. The kidney was removed and passed off the table as a specimen for pathology. This was bivalved by pathology, and we reviewed the specimen. We found there appeared to be an excellent margin around the tumor. The old extraction site was then carefully evaluated for hemostasis and any bleeding points were controlled with cautery.
The fascia was closed using running 0 Vicryl suture. The abdomen was then re insufflated, and the entire operative field was carefully evaluated for hemostasis. Any bleeding points were controlled using primarily Bipolar cautery or hemoclips. The operative field was copiously irrigated with normal saline. Several pieces of Surgicel were placed over the adrenal bed in the renal hilum. There was no significant bleeding noted. The colon was replaced into its normal anatomic position, and the mesentery was evaluated and there was no evidence for any mesenteric defects. The lateral most trocar site was closed using a Carter-Thomason closure device. Note that, the 6-mm upper trocar had been up sized with 10/12 trocar to facilitate placement of the endo GI stapler during the hilar dissection, and this was also closed using the Carter-Thomason closure device with 0 Vicryl. All trocars were removed under direct visualization and the abdomen was desufflated prior to removal of the last trocar. The wounds were irrigated with normal saline and infiltrated with 0.25% Marcaine. Then, the skin was closed using running 4-0 Monocryl in subcuticular fashion. Benzoin and Steri-Strips were placed. The patient was returned to the supine position, awoke from general anesthetic without incidence. She was then transferred to the hospital gurney and taken to the postanesthesia care unit for postoperative monitoring. At the end of the case, the sponge, instrument, needle counts were correct.
Keywords: nephrology, renal mass, carter-thomason, endocatch bag, foley catheter, gi stapler, laparoscopic, ligasure, toldt, laparoscopic scissors, nephrectomy, radical nephrectomy, screw-type trocar, umbilicus, upper pole, urethra, carter thomason closure device, laparoscopic right radical nephrectomy, carter thomason closure, carter thomason, renal hilum, kidney, abdomen, endotracheal, radical, oncocytoma, renal,